The endless roll of the army wagon seemed never still.

Churches, art-halls and private mansions were filled with the wounded and dying of the American armies. Shed hospitals covered acres on acres in every suburb. Soldiers were entrenched at every gate-way. Mary Clemmer Ames, a Washington resident during the Civil War, wrote:Īrid hill, and sodden plain showed alike the horrid trail of war. Steamboats with names like Lizzie Baker, Connecticut, and General Hooker, their whistles blaring in harsh ghostly tones, landed at the Sixth Street wharves in downtown Washinngton, where long lines of horsedrawn ambulances waited to take the wounded to Washington’s twenty-one overcrowded hospitals.” Washington was often inundated with casualties from the Army of the Potomac. They were based on the British design first used in the Crimean War and emphasized ample ventilation. These state-of-the-art hospitals featured separate wards, or pavilions, radiating from a central corridor. As a result, Armory Square, Mount Pleasant, and Judiciary Square hospitals were completed 1862. Sanitary Commission urged the government to build pavilion-style hospitals, instead of renting buildings ill-adapted for hospitals. It was the last of Washington’s Civil War hospitals to close.īetween 1861-1862, the U.S.

In December 1864, the hospital had 2,080 beds. At one point, 312 hospital tents were in use on the site, with a capacity of 1,872 beds. To these were added hospital tents with six beds each. A few existing buildings – wooden barracks and a brick farm house – were incorporated into the hospital, which consisted of nine wards, with 63 beds each, for a total of 945 beds. Harewood consisted of frame buildings and tents, some without heat or ventilation.

Civil war hospital crutches